Monday, 6 May 2013

A Noble Woman

Hi Blogger and friends,

So before I start this post, I would firstly like to apologize for not posting for such a long time. Was rather busy recently with my studies since exams are like approaching... STRESS!! Okay, so i was inspired by Mother's day so i am doing this post. Since she is a Mother to many of our friends out there.She is the lady who Lend a helping hand to the others. Mother Teresa.


Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu(Albanian: [aˈɲɛs ˈɡɔɲdʒa bɔjaˈdʒiu]) and commonly known as Mother Teresa(26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was an ethnic Albanian, IndianRoman Catholic nun.
Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholicreligious congregation, which in 2012 consisted of over 4,500 sisters and is active in 133 countries. They run hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis; soup kitchens; children's and family counseling programmes; orphanages; and schools. Members of the order must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, and the fourth vow, to give "Wholehearted and Free service to the poorest of the poor".
She was the recipient of numerous honours including the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. In late 2003, she was beatified, the third step toward possiblesainthood, giving her the title "Blessed Teresa of Calcutta". A secondmiracle credited to Mother Teresa is required before she can be recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church.She was admired by many; in 1999, a poll of Americans ranked her first in Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century. However, she has also been accused of failing to provide medical care or painkillers, misusing charitable money, and maintaining positive relationships with dictators

She said "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.
In 1982, at the height of the Siege of Beirut, Mother Teresa rescued 37 children trapped in a front line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas.Accompanied by Red Cross workers, she travelled through the war zone to the devastated hospital to evacuate the young patients.
When Eastern Europe experienced increased openness in the late 1980s, she expanded her efforts to Communist countries that had previously rejected the Missionaries of Charity, embarking on dozens of projects. She was undeterred by criticism about her firm stand against abortion and divorce stating, "No matter who says what, you should accept it with a smile and do your own work." She visited the Soviet republic of Armenia following the 1988 Spitak earthquake, and met with Nikolai Ryzhkov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
Mother Teresa travelled to assist and minister to the hungry in Ethiopia, radiation victims at Chernobyl, and earthquake victims in Armenia. In 1991, Mother Teresa returned for the first time to her homeland and opened a Missionaries of Charity Brothers home in Tirana, Albania.
By 1996, she was operating 517 missions in more than 100 countries. Over the years, Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity grew from twelve to thousands serving the "poorest of the poor" in 450 centres around the world. The first Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South Bronx, New York; by 1984 the order operated 19 establishments throughout the country. Mother Teresa was fluent in five languages: Bengali,Albanian, Serbo-Croatian, English, and Hindi.

Mother Teresa suffered a heart attack in Rome in 1983, while visiting Pope John Paul II. After a second attack in 1989, she received an artificial pacemaker. In 1991, after a battle with pneumonia while in Mexico, she suffered further heart problems. She offered to resign her position as head of the Missionaries of Charity, but the sisters of the order, in a secret ballot, voted for her to stay. Mother Teresa agreed to continue her work as head of the order.
In April 1996, Mother Teresa fell and broke her collar bone. In August she suffered from malaria and failure of the left heart ventricle. She had heart surgery but it was clear that her health was declining. The Archbishop of Calcutta, Henry Sebastian D'Souza, said he ordered a priest to perform an exorcism on Mother Teresa with her permission when she was first hospitalised with cardiac problems because he thought she may be under attack by the devil.
On 13 March 1997, she stepped down from the head of Missionaries of Charity. She died on 5 September 1997.
At the time of her death, Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity had over 4,000 sisters, and an associated brotherhood of 300 members, operating 610 missions in 123 countries. These included hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counselling programs, personal helpers, orphanages, and schools. The Missionaries of Charity were also aided by Co-Workers, who numbered over 1 million by the 1990s.
Mother Teresa lay in repose in St Thomas, Kolkata for one week prior to her funeral, in September 1997. She was granted a state funeral by the Indian government in gratitude for her services to the poor of all religions in India. Her death was mourned in both secular and religious communities. In tribute, Nawaz Sharif, the Prime Minister of Pakistan said that she was "a rare and unique individual who lived long for higher purposes. Her life-long devotion to the care of the poor, the sick, and the disadvantaged was one of the highest examples of service to our humanity." The former U.N. Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar said: "She is the United Nations. She is peace in the world."

Hope you guys actualy enjoyed the post.
Credits:
Bye!

Friday, 8 February 2013

Chinese New Year Dos and Don'ts

Hi Blogger and friends,

Hi since it's Chinese New Year then I decide to do a post more related to Chinese New Year. And here I am :)) The dos and don'ts for Chinese New Year!!


House CleaningThe entire house should be cleaned before New Year's Day. On New Year's Eve, all brooms, brushes, dusters, dust pans and other cleaning equipment are put away. Sweeping or dusting should not be done on New Year's Day for fear that good fortune will be swept away. After New Year's Day, the floors may be swept. Beginning at the door, the dust and rubbish are swept to the middle of the parlor, then placed in the corners and not taken or thrown out until the fifth day. At no time should the rubbish in the corners be trampled upon. In sweeping, there is a superstition that if you sweep the dirt out over the threshold, you will sweep one of the family away. Also, to sweep the dust and dirt out of your house by the front entrance is to sweep away the good fortune of the family; it must always be swept inwards and then carried out, then no harm will follow. All dirt and rubbish must be taken out the back door




 Bringing In the New Year and
Expelling the Old
Shooting off firecrackers on New Year's Eve is the Chinese way of sending out the old year and welcoming in the New Year. On the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve, every door in the house, and even windows, have to be open to allow the old year to go out.


New Year Activities
All debts had to paid by this time. Nothing should be lent on this day, as anyone who does so will be lending all the year. Back when tinder and flint were used, no one would lend them on this day or give a light to others.
Everyone should refrain from using foul language and bad or unlucky words. Negative terms and the word "four" (Si), which sounds like the word for death, are not to be uttered. Death and dying are never mentioned and ghost stories are totally taboo. References to the past year are also avoided as everything should be turned toward the New Year and a new beginning.
If you cry on New Year's day, you will cry all through the year. Therefore, children are tolerated and are not spanked, even though they are mischievous.



Personal Appearance and Cleanliness
On New Year's Day, we are not suppose to wash our hair because it would mean we would have washed away good luck for the New Year. Red clothing is preferred during this festive occasion. Red is considered a bright, happy color, sure to bring the wearer a sunny and bright future. It is believed that appearance and attitude during New Year's sets the tone for the rest of the year. Children and unmarried friends, as well as close relatives are given lai see, little red envelopes with crisp one dollar bills inserted, for good fortune.



More New Year Superstitions
For those most superstitious, before leaving the house to call on others, the Almanac should be consulted to find the best time to leave the home and the direction which is most auspicious to head out.
The first person one meets and the first words heard are significant as to what the fortunes would be for the entire year. It is a lucky sign to see or hear songbirds or red-colored birds or swallows.
It is considered unlucky to greet anyone in their bedroom so that is why everyone, even the sick, should get dressed and sit in the living room.
Do not use knives or scissors on New Year's Day as this may cut off fortune.
While many Chinese people today may not believe in these do's and don'ts, these traditions and customs are still practiced. These traditions and customs are kept because most families realize that it is these very traditions, whether believed or not, that provide continuity with the past and provide the family with an identity. 


So hope you guys enjoy my post !! :)




Wednesday, 16 January 2013

Stress Managing.

Hi Blogger and guys!! Firstly before I start today's post I would like to apologize first for not posting like for so long. (Well, Blogger was not accessible in China though. LOL :p)

Stress Management.


So today I am talking about Stress Management with youu guys I know it's like so weird a kid talking about Stress Management.(lol anyway. :D) Well, me myself is a student yar and I am facing stress too... So, I just want to share with you guys what I have like find ot on Stress on some Websites you see.

 Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the ever increasing demands of life. Surveys show that most Americans experience challenges with stress at some point during the year. In looking at the causes of stress, remember that your brain comes hard-wired with an alarm system for your protection. When your brain perceives a threat, it signals your body to release a burst of hormones to fuel your capacity for a response. This has been labeled the "fight-or-flight" response. Once the threat is gone, your body is meant to return to a normal relaxed state. Unfortunately, the nonstop stress of modern life means that your alarm system rarely shuts off. 

Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. This isn’t as easy as it sounds. Your true sources of stress aren’t always obvious, and it’s all too easy to overlook your own stress-inducing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sure, you may know that you’re constantly worried about work deadlines. But maybe it’s your procrastination, rather than the actual job demands, that leads to deadline stress.
To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and excuses:
  • Do you explain away stress as temporary (“I just have a million things going on right now”) even though you can’t remember the last time you took a breather?
  • Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (“Things are always crazy around here”) or as a part of your personality (“I have a lot of nervous energy, that’s all”).
  • Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as entirely normal and unexceptional?
Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it, your stress level will remain outside your control.

Here are some suggestion that I use to manage my own stress, hope it will actually work for you guys too :
-You can listen to music. Not K-pop please that will only make you over-excited just like red bull Lol :) Oh but you can listen to pop when you are running that wil help you run fast :) But for managing stress erm... Peaceful music is nice. "Peaceful Blue" is one of them too. Do youtube that song It's really relaxing :)

-Give yourself Breaks. I mean especially student and office workers, we write alot and some of the adults are always facing the computer too which is not good. So give yourself appropriate breaks and yar... Maybe 10 mins I guess :) Well you can stretch and maybe walk around or something just to get yourself refreshed.

So here are two ways to manage stress and help you to relaxWell and don't get so tensed up and suicide is not the way to face stress. I have seen things like that especialy students some of them just got too stressed by their examinations and school that some of them decided to end their life... It is actually very sad. But stress is something good too Too less otr too much of stress is not good too. So yup I hope thing post was helpful :)

Wednesday, 24 October 2012

Just a Thankyou note! =)

Hi Blogger and dear viewers,
Well,my blog views recently just reached 958! Oh yes!! So I will really love to Thank all of you for all your support and recommandations to your friends and families...(Awkward :p) So I just personally did a picture for you people to express my gratitude,you know!

So I will continue with my posting and stuff like this. So I really hope that you people like the content I have, maybe you could come more often to my blog and ofcourse I will revisit you people...(more and more)
So, before I sign off,I just wanna say this once again! I do not own some of the pictures...
Nowadays Exams are coming so for those still in school,lots of love and good luck for you!! BB!

Sunday, 16 September 2012

Taylor Swift :)

Dear friends and Blogger,


Hi!! I am sorry for not posting on my Blog for so long.
Today's post will be on a popular America Singer,Taylor Swift.(Mine favorite American Singer :p)

Name: Taylor Swift
Full Name:Taylor Alison Swift
(She is also known as The "beautiful eyes Taylor <3)
Birth Year:December 13 1989
She is a song writer,singer and also an actress.











Popular songs recommended:

-Safe and sound (Hunger Games)
-Love Story
-You belong with me
-Our song
-Ours.
-Mine
-Fifteen

Taylor Swift Always!!!









Thursday, 16 August 2012

Why is recycling important?

 Why is recycling important? Have you ever thought that why does people go through such troublesome stuff just to recycle? Well,it is a good habit to recycle,isn't it? It is a good deed,you are helping the earth, aren't' you? And that is why we have our dear recycling bins with us! The earth.. It is a planet.And why are we living on Earth,why is there the existence of earth?Have you ever wonder of that? Maybe we are sent to protect the earth,right?Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation.And what's so bad about Global Warming?Ok..It harms the Earth!And Global warming is because of human littering and not recycling.Styrofoams? Not much people recycle Styrofoams! And that's why...One ton of Styrofoam burnt is actually 0.0001% of the surface of the earth gone.

Can we change......

Sunday, 27 May 2012

Magical Dreams


Dreams are successions of iimages, ideas, emotions, and sensations that occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.The content and purpose of dreams are not definitively understood, though they have been a topic of scientific speculation, as well as a subject of philosophical and religious interest, throughout recorded history. The scientific study of dreams is called oneirology.Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep—when brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep. At times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.
Dreams can last for a few seconds, or as long as twenty minutes. People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. The average person has about 3 to 5 dreams per night, but some may have up to 7 dreams in one night. The dreams tend to last longer as the night progresses. During a full 8-hour night sleep, two hours of it is spent dreaming.
Dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious . They range from normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have varying natures, such as frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid dreaming, where the dreamer is self aware. Dreams can at times make a creative thought occur to the person or give a sense of inspiration.
Opinions about the meaning of dreams have varied and shifted through time and culture.Dream interpretation date back to 5000-4000 BC. The earliest recorded dreams were acquired from materials dating back approximately 5,000 years, in Mesopotamia, where they were documented on clay tablets. In the Greek and Roman periods, the people believed that dreams were direct messages from the gods, or from the dead and that they predicted the future. Some cultures practiced dream incubation with the intention of cultivating dreams that are prophetic.
The Austrian neurologist sigmund fruig, who developed the discipline of psychoanalysis, wrote extensively about dream theories and interpretations. He explained dreams as manifestations of our deepest desires and anxieties, often relating to repressed childhood memories or obsessions. In The interpretion of dreams, Freud developed a psychological technique to interpret dreams and devised a series of guidelines to understand the symbols and motifs that appear in our dreams.

Antiphon wrote the first known Greek book on dreams in the 5th century BC. In that century, other cultures influenced Greeks to developed the belief that souls left the sleeping body. Hippocrates (469-399 BC) had a simple dream theory: during the day, the soul receives images; during the night, it produces images. Greek philosopher, Aristotle (384-322 BC) believed dreams caused physiological activity. He thought dreams could analyze illness and predict diseases.

Classical history


In Chinese history, people wrote of two vital aspects of the soul of which one is freed from the body during slumber to journey a dream realm, while the other remained in the body. Although, this belief and dream interpretation had been questioned since early time, such as by the philosopher Wang Chong(27-97). The Indian text Upanishads, written between 900 and 500 BC, emphasize two meanings on dreams. The first says that dreams are merely expressions of inner desires. The second is the belief of the soul leaving the body and being guided until awakened.


The Greeks shared their beliefs with the Egyptians on how to interpret good and bad dreams, and the idea of incubating dreams.Morpheus also sent warnings and prophecies to those who slept at shrines and temples. The earliest Greek beliefs of dreams was that their gods physically visited the dreamers, where they entered through a keyhole, and exiting the same way after the divine message was given.


Thursday, 5 April 2012

The $86,400 investment

Imagine that you are given $86,400 every day. You may not keep it,but you can spend every dollar of it.Whatever remains unspent,you lose.You cannot save it to spend another day.Every day.you will be credited with another $86,400.What would you do with all this money?Sensibly, you should try to spend every dollar of it.

Well,do you know that we already have such a credit facility?It is called Time. We are given 86,400 seconds every day.We cannot keep them.However,we can use every second.Whatever time we do not use,we lose. We cannot save the unused seconds.How do we used the 86,400 seconds we are given everyday?Surprisingly, most of us do not make good use of the time we are given.

There are several proverbs concerning time : "Time and tide wait for no man" and "Time flies" are just two examples.There is also a Chinese Proverb that says,"One inch of time cannot bee bought with one inch of gold."

I am sure that we have all heard of the proverb "Procrastination is the thief of Time."To procrastinate is to delay  doing some necessary task.It is not uncommon for children to retort "I'll do it later" when told to do their homework.Very often,"later" becomes  "at the last minute",and the child regrets not having done it earlier.It is good to practice to do something immediately, rather than to may as well  complete it sooner,rather than later,when we may run out of time.

There is another saying---"Time is money".If we do not use our time properly,we are actually losing money. Wasting time  is like throwing money into a drain.Time lost can never be retrieved.It is of paramount importance that we invest our time properly. Invest it so as to get from it the utmost in health,happiness and success.Time waits for no one.Thus,treasure every moment you have.

Saturday, 31 March 2012

Tsunami


The term tsunami has its origins in the Japanese language; an English equivalent is "seismic sea waves." Tsunamis are often incorrectly interchanged with the term" tidal waves," which refer to high waves of water caused by changes in the flow and surge of the ocean. Tsunamis, on the other hand, can be caused by a few different means: 1) the down drop or upthurst of the Earth’s crust which results in an earthquake; 2) a large-scale undersea landslide; 3) a submarine volcanic eruption of a certain degree; or potentially, 4) a large meteor impact at sea. The vast majority of tsunamis result from earthquakes.


      

           
How Earthquakes Cause Tsunamis
The illustration below shows a subduction earthquake (one where a denser plates shifts below its neighboring plate, at left). Energy is transferred and the displaced water forms a wave. As the wave travels and enters shallower water in the coastal area, it begins to increase in amplitude

Tsunamis are not always colossal waves when they come into the shore. In fact, "... most tsunamis do not result in giant breaking waves (like normal surf waves at the beach that curl over as they approach shore). Rather, they come in much like very strong and very fast tides (i.e., a rapid, local rise in sea level)." Nevertheless, there is destruction of life and of property by floating debris and impact of water. The tsunami produces a series of rushing waves and also a series of withdrawals.
     

If you think about throwing a rock in water, a ripple is formed. It is the same principle involving a meteor or an earthquake, except they form bigger ripples. If you think about that ripple, it seems to disappear as time goes on--but in actuality, it does not stop. In the picture below we can see that a tsunami is very fast (the speed often compared with that of a jet) and it has a height of 20 inches.
However, we need to take into consideration the effect of the tsunami reaching the shore. The speed is diminished but the wave height is increased drastically.


For more information about earthquake formation see 
How Volcanoes Cause Tsunamis
There are two different ways that volcanoes can cause seismic waves. One possibility is for a land-based volcano to break down and collapse, forcing large amounts of ash and debris into the water. This sudden change and displacement of the water column transfers to kinetic energy and results in waves. More debris can create a bigger increase in wave amplitude and number.

Tsunamis can also be induced by submarine volcanoes. These underwater volcanoes can collapse downwards or spew forth lava heating the surrounding water quickly. 
How Landslides Cause Tsunamis
Landslides are similar to volcanoes that avalanche into the sea. They occur in the water and often are triggered by earthquakes. There is an instance in 1958 where a tsunami was caused by rockfall in Lituya BayAlaska. In this instance, a gigantic boulder was loosed by an earthquake and fell into the bay causing a tsunami that went out to sea.
Geography of Tsunamis

An average of 85% of all tsunamis have been observed in the Pacific Ocean in the "Ring of Fire." George Maul participated in an expert panel discussion on tsunami locations, in association with Smithsonian magazine . In his presentation he offered data (shown below) representing the distribution of tsunamis in the world's oceans and seas:
Location%
Atlantic East Coast1.6
Atlantic West Coast0.4
Mediterranean10.1
Caribbean13.8
Bay of Bengal0.8
East Indies20.3
Oceania25.4
Japan-Russia18.6
Pacific East Coast8.9

Social & Environmental Justice
When looking at the effects of the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, there was a death toll of up to 300,000 lives with the addition of 5,000,000 people who were affected by the tsunami . It is unavoidable to have property and land destruction, but the large number deaths as a result of this disaster was avoidable.
Within minutes of the submarine earthquake that cause this tsunami, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center knew the danger that was approaching the coastal areas. They tried to warn the threatened countries, who did not get the message in enough time. The fact remains that there was no warning system in the Indian Ocean. If there was, perhaps valuable time would have been bought for those in the coastal areas .

Tsunami education is another factor that could have saved lives, thereby reducing the death toll. There should be an awareness of how to recognize signs of a tsunami, and a degree of preparation for people in high-risk areas. If the same tsunami had occurred in the North Pacific Ocean, there would not have been as large a death toll, due to the Pacific Ocean countries' warning system, evacuation plans, and public education. Disasters are never fair, but if many people can be saved by funding the warning systems and public education, it is worth the cost.

Saturday, 24 March 2012

True,isn't it??


Every New Semester: 


After First Week: 


After Second Week: 


Before the Mid-Term Test: 


During the Mid-Term Test: 


After the Mid-Term Test: 
Before the Final Exams: 
Once Get to Know the Final Exam Schedule: 
7 Days Before the Final Exam: 
6 Days Before the Final Exam: 


5 Days Before the Final Exam: image
4 Days Before the Final Exam: image
3 Days Before the Final Exam: image
2 Days Before the Final Exam: image
1 Day Before the Final Exam: image
The Night Before the Final Exam: image
1 Hour Before the Final Exam: image
During the Final Exam: image
Once Walk Out From the Examination Hall: image
After the Final Exam, During the Holiday: image

WORLD WAR 2 (SINGAPORE VS JAPAN)--PART 1


The Japanese occupation of Singapore in World War ll occurred between about 1942 and 1945 after the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942. Military forces of the Empire Of Japan occupied Singapore after defeating the combined Australian, British, India and Malayan garrison in the Battle Of Singapore. The occupation was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of Japan, Britain and the then-colonial state of Singapore. Singapore was renamed to Syonanto (昭南島Shōnantō), which means "Southern Island gained in the age of Showa ". The name is frequently mistranslated as "Light of the South", even in the Singaporean textbooks.
Singapore was officially returned to British colonial rule on 12 September 1945, following the formal signing of the surrender instrument at the Municipal Building.


The Japanese took all of Malaya during the Malayan Campaign  in little more than two months. The garrison defending Singapore surrendered only a week after the invasion of Singapore commenced. British Prime Minister Winson Churchill called the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942 "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history." 

The Kempatai (Japanese military secret police) committed numerous atrocities against the common people. They introduced the system of "Sook Ching", which means "purge through purification", to get rid of those deemed as anti-Japanese. The Sook Ching Massacre claimed the lives of between 25,000 and 50,000 ethnic Chinese in Singapore and Malaya. These men were rounded up and taken to deserted spots around the island and killed systematically. Besides, the Kempeitai established a network of informers around the island to help them identify those who were anti-Japanese. These informers were well-paid by the Kempeitai and had no fear of being arrested. Japanese soldiers patrolled the streets and commoners had to bow to them when they passed by. Those who failed to do so would be beaten and some people would be taken away. 


Resources were scarce during the occupation. The prices of basic necessities increased drastically due to hyperinflection. For example, the price of rice increased from $5 per 100 catties(about 60 kg or 130 lb) to $5000. The Japanese issued ration cards to limit the amount of resources received by the civilian population. Adults could purchase 4.8 kg (11 lb) of rice per month and 2.4 kg (5.3 lb) for children. The amount of rice for adults was reduced by 25% as the war progressed.

The Japanese issued banana as their main currency since Straits currency became rare. The Japanese instituted elements of a command economy in which there were restrictions on the demand and supply of resources, thus creating a popular black market. The "banana currency" started to suffer from high inflation and dropped drastically in value because the authorities would simply print more whenever they needed more money; consequently the black market often used Straits currency.


Food quality and availability decreased greatly. sweet potatoes  and yams became the staple food of most diets of Singaporeans because they were considerably cheaper than rice and could also be grown in gardens. They were then turned into a variety of dishes, as both dessert and all three meals of the day. The nutrients helped stave off starvation, and new ways of consuming tapioca with other produce were regularly invented in order to stave off the monotony. Both the British and Japanese authorities encouraged the population to grow their own food if they had even the smallest amount of land, the encouragement and produce were similar to what occurred with victory gardens in the Western nations during World War II.Ipomonia aquatic, which grew relatively easy and flourished relatively well near the water, became a popular crop, as did other vegetables.

Singapore was the target of various operations masterminded by Allied forces to disrupt Japanese military activities. On 26 September 1943, an Allied commando unit known as Z force led by Major Ivan Lyon infiltrated Singapore Harbour and sank or damaged seven Japanese ships comprising over 39,000 long tons (40,000 metric tons). Lyon led another operation, codenamed Rimau, with the same objective almost a year later and sank three ships. Lyon and 13 of his men were killed after the Japanese discovered them. The other 10 who participated in the operation were charged with espionage in a Kangaroo court and subsequently executed.
Lim Bo Seng of Force 136 led another operation, code named Gustavus, to establish an espionage network in Malaya and Singapore and gather intelligence about Japanese forces for the Allies. However, Operation Gustavus failed and Lim was captured along with his men. Lim died in prison due to ill-treatment.Force 136 was eventually disbanded after the war.
In August 1945, two midget submarines of the Royal Navy took part in Operation Struggle, a plan to infiltrate Singapore Harbour and sabotage the Japanese cruisers Takao and MyoKo using limpet mines They inflicted heavy damage on Takao, earning Lieutenant Ian Edward Fraser the Victoria Cross. From November 1944 to May 1945, Singapore was subjected to bombing raids by British and American long-range bomber units.





Friday, 2 March 2012

Today I am going to share with you what is inside a cigarette.


Well, you're not going to believe this, but there are over 600 ingredients which can be/are in cigarettes. The main list of big items released by the Ligett Group include
tobacco, water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, natural and artificial licorice flavor, menthol, artificial milk chocolate and natural chocolate flavor, valerian root extract, molasses and vanilla extracts, and cedarwood oil. Less familiar additives include glycerol, propylene glycol, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid and 3-methylpentanoic acid.

The "real" list of what is allowed to be in American cigarettes, and has been found to be in some brands, includes the stuff at the bottom of this post. It is beyond belief they can get away with selling this stuff for consumption, when most of these chemicals are illegal to store in your home:




•Acetanisole,
•Acetic Acid,
•Acetoin,
•Acetophenone,
•6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane,
•2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine,
•2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran,
•Acetylpyrazine,
•2-Acetylpyridine,
•3-Acetylpyridine,
•2-Acetylthiazole,
•Aconitic Acid,
•dl-Alanine,
•Alfalfa Extract,
•Allspice Extract,
•Oleoresin,
•And Oil,
•Allyl Hexanoate,
•Allyl Ionone,
•Almond Bitter Oil,
•Ambergris Tincture,
•Ammonia,
•Ammonium Bicarbonate,
•Ammonium Hydroxide,
•Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic,
•Ammonium Sulfide,
•Amyl Alcohol,
•Amyl Butyrate,
•Amyl Formate,
•Amyl Octanoate,
•alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde,
•Amyris Oil,
•trans-Anethole,
•Angelica Root Extract, Oil and Seed Oil,
•Anise,
•Anise Star, Extract and Oils,
•Anisyl Acetate,
•Anisyl Alcohol,
•Anisyl Formate,
•Anisyl Phenylacetate,
•Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and Skins,
•Apricot Extract and Juice Concentrate,
•1-Arginine,
•Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil,
•Ascorbic Acid,
•1-Asparagine Monohydrate,
•1-Aspartic Acid,
•Balsam Peru and Oil,
•Basil Oil,
•Bay Leaf, Oil and Sweet Oil,
•Beeswax White,
•Beet Juice Concentrate,
•Benzaldehyde,
•Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal,
•Benzoic Acid, Benzoin,
•Benzoin Resin,
•Benzophenone,
•Benzyl Alcohol,
•Benzyl Benzoate,
•Benzyl Butyrate,
•Benzyl Cinnamate,
•Benzyl Propionate,
•Benzyl Salicylate,
•Bergamot Oil,
•Bisabolene,
•Black Currant Buds Absolute,
•Borneol,
•Bornyl Acetate,
•Buchu Leaf Oil,
•1,3-Butanediol,
•2,3-Butanedione,
•1-Butanol,
•2-Butanone,
•4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One,
•Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil,
•Butyl Acetate,
•Butyl Butyrate,
•Butyl Butyryl Lactate,
•Butyl Isovalerate,
•Butyl Phenylacetate,
•Butyl Undecylenate,
•3-Butylidenephthalide,
•Butyric Acid,
•Cadinene,
•Caffeine,
•Calcium Carbonate,
•Camphene,
•Cananga Oil,
•Capsicum Oleoresin,
•Caramel Color,
•Caraway Oil,
•Carbon Dioxide,
•Cardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and Powder,
•Carob Bean and Extract,
•beta-Carotene,
•Carrot Oil,
•Carvacrol,
•4-Carvomenthenol,
•1-Carvone,
•beta-Caryophyllene,
•beta-Caryophyllene Oxide,
•Cascarilla Oil and Bark Extract,
•Cassia Bark Oil,
•Cassie Absolute and Oil,
•Castoreum Extract, Tincture and Absolute,
•Cedar Leaf Oil,
•Cedarwood Oil Terpenes and Virginiana,
•Cedrol,
•Celery Seed Extract, Solid, Oil, And Oleoresin,
•Cellulose Fiber,
•Chamomile Flower Oil And Extract,
•Chicory Extract,
•Chocolate,
•Cinnamaldehyde,
•Cinnamic Acid,
•Cinnamon Leaf Oil, Bark Oil, and Extract,
•Cinnamyl Acetate,
•Cinnamyl Alcohol,
•Cinnamyl Cinnamate,
•Cinnamyl Isovalerate,
•Cinnamyl Propionate,
•Citral,
•Citric Acid,
•Citronella Oil,
•dl-Citronellol,
•Citronellyl Butyrate,
•Citronellyl Isobutyrate,
•Civet Absolute,
•Clary Oil,
•Clover Tops, Red Solid Extract,
•Cocoa,
•Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate And Powder,
•Coconut Oil,
•Coffee,
•Cognac White and Green Oil,
•Copaiba Oil,
•Coriander Extract and Oil,
•Corn Oil,
•Corn Silk,
•Costus Root Oil,
•Cubeb Oil,
•Cuminaldehyde,
•para-Cymene,
•1-Cysteine,
•Dandelion Root Solid Extract,
•Davana Oil,
•2-trans, 4-trans-Decadienal,
•delta-Decalactone,
•gamma-Decalactone,
•Decanal,
•Decanoic Acid,
•1-Decanol,
•2-Decenal,
•Dehydromenthofurolactone,
•Diethyl Malonate,
•Diethyl Sebacate,
•2,3-Diethylpyrazine,
•Dihydro Anethole,
•5,7-Dihydro-2-Methylthieno(3,4-D) Pyrimidine,
•Dill Seed Oil and Extract,
•meta-Dimethoxybenzene,
•para-Dimethoxybenzene,
•2,6-Dimethoxyphenol,
•Dimethyl Succinate,
•3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione,
•3,5- Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione,
•3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene,
•4,5-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2,5-Dihydrofuran-2-One,
•6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-One,
•3,7-Dimethyl-6-Octenoic Acid,
•2,4-Dimethylacetophenone,
•alpha,para-Dimethylbenzyl Alcohol,
•alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl Acetate,
•alpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Butyrate,
•2,3-Dimethylpyrazine,
•2,5-Dimethylpyrazine,
•2,6-Dimethylpyrazine,
•Dimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranone,
•delta-Dodecalactone,
•gamma-Dodecalactone,
•para-Ethoxybenzaldehyde,
•Ethyl 10-Undecenoate,
•Ethyl 2-Methylbutyrate,
•Ethyl Acetate,
•Ethyl Acetoacetate,
•Ethyl Alcohol,
•Ethyl Benzoate,
•Ethyl Butyrate,
•Ethyl Cinnamate,
•Ethyl Decanoate,
•Ethyl Fenchol,
•Ethyl Furoate,
•Ethyl Heptanoate,
•Ethyl Hexanoate,
•Ethyl Isovalerate,
•Ethyl Lactate,
•Ethyl Laurate,
•Ethyl Levulinate,
•Ethyl Maltol,
•Ethyl Methyl Phenylglycidate,
•Ethyl Myristate,
•Ethyl Nonanoate,
•Ethyl Octadecanoate,
•Ethyl Octanoate,
•Ethyl Oleate,
•Ethyl Palmitate,
•Ethyl Phenylacetate,
•Ethyl Propionate,
•Ethyl Salicylate,
•Ethyl trans-2-Butenoate,
•Ethyl Valerate,
•Ethyl Vanillin,
•2-Ethyl (or Methyl)-(3,5 and 6)-Methoxypyrazine,
•2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol, 3-Ethyl -2 -Hydroxy-2-Cyclopenten-1-One,
•2-Ethyl-3, (5 or 6)-Dimethylpyrazine,
•5-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2(5H)-Furanone,
•2-Ethyl-3-Methylpyrazine,
•4-Ethylbenzaldehyde,
•4-Ethylguaiacol,
•para-Ethylphenol,
•3-Ethylpyridine,
•Eucalyptol,
•Farnesol,
•D-Fenchone,
•Fennel Sweet Oil,
•Fenugreek, Extract, Resin, and Absolute,
•Fig Juice Concentrate,
•Food Starch Modified,
•Furfuryl Mercaptan,
•4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-One,
•Galbanum Oil,
•Genet Absolute,
•Gentian Root Extract,
•Geraniol,
•Geranium Rose Oil,
•Geranyl Acetate,
•Geranyl Butyrate,
•Geranyl Formate,
•Geranyl Isovalerate,
•Geranyl Phenylacetate,
•Ginger Oil and Oleoresin,
•1-Glutamic Acid,
•1-Glutamine,
•Glycerol,
•Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated,
•Grape Juice Concentrate,
•Guaiac Wood Oil,
•Guaiacol,
•Guar Gum,
•2,4-Heptadienal,
•gamma-Heptalactone,
•Heptanoic Acid,
•2-Heptanone,
•3-Hepten-2-One,
•2-Hepten-4-One,
•4-Heptenal,
•trans -2-Heptenal,
•Heptyl Acetate,
•omega-6-Hexadecenlactone,
•gamma-Hexalactone,
•Hexanal,
•Hexanoic Acid,
•2-Hexen-1-Ol,
•3-Hexen-1-Ol,
•cis-3-Hexen-1-Yl Acetate,
•2-Hexenal,
•3-Hexenoic Acid,
•trans-2-Hexenoic Acid,
•cis-3-Hexenyl Formate,
•Hexyl 2-Methylbutyrate,
•Hexyl Acetate,
•Hexyl Alcohol,
•Hexyl Phenylacetate,
•1-Histidine,
•Honey,
•Hops Oil,
•Hydrolyzed Milk Solids,
•Hydrolyzed Plant Proteins,
•5-Hydroxy-2,4-Decadienoic Acid delta- Lactone,
•4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone,
•2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One,
•4-Hydroxy -3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone,
•2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzaldehyde,
•4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone,
•Hydroxycitronellal,
•6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane,
•4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone,
•Hyssop Oil,
•Immortelle Absolute and Extract,
•alpha-Ionone,
•beta-Ionone,
•alpha-Irone,
•Isoamyl Acetate,
•Isoamyl Benzoate,
•Isoamyl Butyrate,
•Isoamyl Cinnamate,
•Isoamyl Formate, Isoamyl Hexanoate,
•Isoamyl Isovalerate,
•Isoamyl Octanoate,
•Isoamyl Phenylacetate,
•Isobornyl Acetate,
•Isobutyl Acetate,
•Isobutyl Alcohol,
•Isobutyl Cinnamate,
•Isobutyl Phenylacetate,
•Isobutyl Salicylate,
•2-Isobutyl-3-Methoxypyrazine,
•alpha-Isobutylphenethyl Alcohol,
•Isobutyraldehyde,
•Isobutyric Acid,
•d,l-Isoleucine,
•alpha-Isomethylionone,
•2-Isopropylphenol,
•Isovaleric Acid,
•Jasmine Absolute, Concrete and Oil,
•Kola Nut Extract,
•Labdanum Absolute and Oleoresin,
•Lactic Acid,
•Lauric Acid,
•Lauric Aldehyde,
•Lavandin Oil,
•Lavender Oil,
•Lemon Oil and Extract,
•Lemongrass Oil,
•1-Leucine,
•Levulinic Acid,
•Licorice Root, Fluid, Extract and Powder,
•Lime Oil ,
•Linalool,
•Linalool Oxide,
•Linalyl Acetate,
•Linden Flowers,
•Lovage Oil And Extract,
•1-Lysine,
•Mace Powder, Extract and Oil ,
•Magnesium Carbonate,
•Malic Acid,
•Malt and Malt Extract,
•Maltodextrin,
•Maltol,
•Maltyl Isobutyrate,
•Mandarin Oil,
•Maple Syrup and Concentrate,
•Mate Leaf, Absolute and Oil,
•para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One,
•Menthol,
•Menthone,
•Menthyl Acetate,
•dl-Methionine,
•Methoprene,
•2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol,
•2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol,
•para-Methoxybenzaldehyde,
•1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Penten-3-One,
•4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone,
•1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Propanone,
•Methoxypyrazine,
•Methyl 2-Furoate,
•Methyl 2-Octynoate,
•Methyl 2-Pyrrolyl Ketone,
•Methyl Anisate,
•Methyl Anthranilate,
•Methyl Benzoate,
•Methyl Cinnamate,
•Methyl Dihydrojasmonate,
•Methyl Ester of Rosin, Partially Hydrogenated,
•Methyl Isovalerate,
•Methyl Linoleate (48%),
•Methyl Linolenate (52%) Mixture,
•Methyl Naphthyl Ketone,
•Methyl Nicotinate,
•Methyl Phenylacetate,
•Methyl Salicylate,
•Methyl Sulfide,
•3-Methyl-1-Cyclopentadecanone,
•4-Methyl-1-Phenyl-2-Pentanone,
•5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2-Hexenal,
•5-Methyl-2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde,
•6-Methyl-3,-5-Heptadien-2-One,
•2-Methyl-3-(para-Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde,
•5-Methyl-3-Hexen-2-One,
•1-Methyl-3Methoxy-4-Isopropylbenzene,
•4-Methyl-3-Pentene-2-One,
•2-Methyl-4-Phenylbutyraldehyde,
•6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One,
•4-Methyl-5-Thiazoleethanol,
•4-Methyl-5-Vinylthiazole,
•Methyl-alpha-Ionone,
•Methyl-trans-2-Butenoic Acid,
•4-Methylacetophenone,
•para-Methylanisole,
•alpha-Methylbenzyl Acetate,
•alpha-Methylbenzyl Alcohol,
•2-Methylbutyraldehyde,
•3-Methylbutyraldehyde,
•2-Methylbutyric Acid,
•alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde,
•Methylcyclopentenolone,
•2-Methylheptanoic Acid,
•2-Methylhexanoic Acid,
•3-Methylpentanoic Acid,
•4-Methylpentanoic Acid,
•2-Methylpyrazine,
•5-Methylquinoxaline,
•2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-One,
•(Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of Isomers),
•3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde,
•Methyl 3-Methylthiopropionate,
•2-Methylvaleric Acid,
•Mimosa Absolute and Extract,
•Molasses Extract and Tincture,
•Mountain Maple Solid Extract,
•Mullein Flowers,
•Myristaldehyde,
•Myristic Acid,
•Myrrh Oil,
•beta-Napthyl Ethyl Ether,
•Nerol,
•Neroli Bigarde Oil,
•Nerolidol,
•Nona-2-trans,6-cis-Dienal,
•2,6-Nonadien-1-Ol,
•gamma-Nonalactone,
•Nonanal,
•Nonanoic Acid,
•Nonanone,
•trans-2-Nonen-1-Ol,
•2-Nonenal,
•Nonyl Acetate,
•Nutmeg Powder and Oil,
•Oak Chips Extract and Oil,
•Oak Moss Absolute,
•9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid (48%) And 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid (52%),
•delta-Octalactone,
•gamma-Octalactone,
•Octanal,
•Octanoic Acid,
•1-Octanol,
•2-Octanone,
•3-Octen-2-One,
•1-Octen-3-Ol,
•1-Octen-3-Yl Acetate,
•2-Octenal,
•Octyl Isobutyrate,
•Oleic Acid ,
•Olibanum Oil,
•Opoponax Oil And Gum,
•Orange Blossoms Water, Absolute, and Leaf Absolute,
•Orange Oil and Extract,
•Origanum Oil,
•Orris Concrete Oil and Root Extract,
•Palmarosa Oil,
•Palmitic Acid,
•Parsley Seed Oil,
•Patchouli Oil,
•omega-Pentadecalactone,
•2,3-Pentanedione,
•2-Pentanone,
•4-Pentenoic Acid,
•2-Pentylpyridine,
•Pepper Oil, Black And White,
•Peppermint Oil,
•Peruvian (Bois De Rose) Oil,
•Petitgrain Absolute, Mandarin Oil and Terpeneless Oil,
•alpha-Phellandrene,
•2-Phenenthyl Acetate,
•Phenenthyl Alcohol,
•Phenethyl Butyrate,
•Phenethyl Cinnamate,
•Phenethyl Isobutyrate,
•Phenethyl Isovalerate,
•Phenethyl Phenylacetate,
•Phenethyl Salicylate,
•1-Phenyl-1-Propanol,
•3-Phenyl-1-Propanol,
•2-Phenyl-2-Butenal,
•4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-Ol,
•4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-One,
•Phenylacetaldehyde,
•Phenylacetic Acid,
•1-Phenylalanine,
•3-Phenylpropionaldehyde,
•3-Phenylpropionic Acid,
•3-Phenylpropyl Acetate,
•3-Phenylpropyl Cinnamate,
•2-(3-Phenylpropyl)Tetrahydrofuran,
•Phosphoric Acid,
•Pimenta Leaf Oil,
•Pine Needle Oil, Pine Oil, Scotch,
•Pineapple Juice Concentrate,
•alpha-Pinene, beta-Pinene,
•D-Piperitone,
•Piperonal,
•Pipsissewa Leaf Extract,
•Plum Juice,
•Potassium Sorbate,
•1-Proline,
•Propenylguaethol,
•Propionic Acid,
•Propyl Acetate,
•Propyl para-Hydroxybenzoate,
•Propylene Glycol,
•3-Propylidenephthalide,
•Prune Juice and Concentrate,
•Pyridine,
•Pyroligneous Acid And Extract,
•Pyrrole,
•Pyruvic Acid,
•Raisin Juice Concentrate,
•Rhodinol,
•Rose Absolute and Oil,
•Rosemary Oil,
•Rum,
•Rum Ether,
•Rye Extract,
•Sage, Sage Oil, and Sage Oleoresin,
•Salicylaldehyde,
•Sandalwood Oil, Yellow,
•Sclareolide,
•Skatole,
•Smoke Flavor,
•Snakeroot Oil,
•Sodium Acetate,
•Sodium Benzoate,
•Sodium Bicarbonate,
•Sodium Carbonate,
•Sodium Chloride,
•Sodium Citrate,
•Sodium Hydroxide,
•Solanone,
•Spearmint Oil,
•Styrax Extract, Gum and Oil,
•Sucrose Octaacetate,
•Sugar Alcohols,
•Sugars,
•Tagetes Oil,
•Tannic Acid,
•Tartaric Acid,
•Tea Leaf and Absolute,
•alpha-Terpineol,
•Terpinolene,
•Terpinyl Acetate,
•5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline,
•1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane,
•2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-Cyclohexanone,
•2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine,
•Thiamine Hydrochloride,
•Thiazole,
•1-Threonine,
•Thyme Oil, White and Red,
•Thymol,
•Tobacco Extracts,
•Tochopherols (mixed),
•Tolu Balsam Gum and Extract,
•Tolualdehydes,
•para-Tolyl 3-Methylbutyrate,
•para-Tolyl Acetaldehyde,
•para-Tolyl Acetate,
•para-Tolyl Isobutyrate,
•para-Tolyl Phenylacetate,
•Triacetin,
•2-Tridecanone,
•2-Tridecenal,
•Triethyl Citrate,
•3,5,5-Trimethyl -1-Hexanol,
•para,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol,
•4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-Enyl)But-2-En-4-One,
•2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-Ene-1,4-Dione,
•2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl Methan,
•4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl)But-2-En-4-One,
•2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone,
•2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine,
•1-Tyrosine,
•delta-Undercalactone,
•gamma-Undecalactone,
•Undecanal,
•2-Undecanone, 1
•0-Undecenal,
•Urea,
•Valencene,
•Valeraldehyde,
•Valerian Root Extract, Oil and Powder,
•Valeric Acid,
•gamma-Valerolactone,
•Valine,
•Vanilla Extract And Oleoresin,
•Vanillin,
•Veratraldehyde,
•Vetiver Oil,
•Vinegar,
•Violet Leaf Absolute,
•Walnut Hull Extract,
•Water,
•Wheat Extract And Flour,
•Wild Cherry Bark Extract,
•Wine and Wine Sherry,
•Xanthan Gum,
•3,4-Xylenol,
•Yeast